کتاب ساخت سیستم‌های نهفته، ویرایش دوم

مقدمه

Embedded Systems Development • Compilers and Languages • Debugging • Resource Constraints • Principles to Confront Those Challenges • Prototypes and Maker Boards • Further Reading

ایجاد معماری سیستم

Getting Started • Creating System Diagrams • The Context Diagram • The Block Diagram • Organigram • Layering Diagram • Designing for Change • Encapsulate Modules • Delegation of Tasks • Driver Interface: Open, Close, Read, Write, IOCTL • Adapter Pattern • Creating Interfaces • Example: A Logging Interface • A Sandbox to Play In • Back to the Drawing Board • Further Reading

کار با سخت‌افزار

Hardware/Software Integration • Ideal Project Flow • Hardware Design • Board Bring-Up • Reading a Datasheet • Datasheet Sections You Need When Things Go Wrong • Datasheet Sections for Software Developers • Evaluating Components Using the Datasheet • Your Processor Is a Language • Reading a Schematic • Practice Reading a Schematic: Arduino! • Keep Your Board Safe • Creating Your Own Debugging Toolbox • Digital Multimeter • Oscilloscopes and Logic Analyzers • Setting Up a Scope • Testing the Hardware (and Software) • Building Tests • Flash Test Example • Command and Response • Command Pattern • Dealing with Errors • Consistent Methodology • Error Checking Flow • Error-Handling Library • Debugging Timing Errors • Further Reading

ورودی‌ها، خروجی‌ها و تایمرها

Handling Registers • Binary and Hexadecimal Math • Bitwise Operations • Test, Set, Clear, and Toggle • Toggling an Output • Setting the Pin to Be an Output • Turning On the LED • Blinking the LED • Troubleshooting • Separating the Hardware from the Action • Board-Specific Header File • I/O-Handling Code • Main Loop • Facade Pattern • The Input in I/O • Momentary Button Press • Interrupt on a Button Press • Configuring the Interrupt • Debouncing Switches • Runtime Uncertainty • Increasing Code Flexibility • Dependency Injection • Using a Timer • Timer Pieces • Doing the Math • More Math: Difficult Goal Frequency • A Long Wait Between Timer Ticks • Using a Timer • Using Pulse-Width Modulation • Shipping the Product • Further Reading

وقفه‌ها

A Chicken Presses a Button • An IRQ Happens • Nonmaskable Interrupts • Interrupt Priority • Nested Interrupts • Save the Context • Retrieve the ISR from the Vector Table • Initializing the Vector Table • Looking Up the ISR • Call the ISR • Multiple Sources for One Interrupt • Disabling Interrupts • Critical Sections • Restore the Context • Configuring Interrupts • When and When Not to Use Interrupts • How to Avoid Using Interrupts • Polling • System Tick • Time-Based Events • A Very Small Scheduler • Further Reading

مدیریت جریان فعالیت

Scheduling and Operating System Basics • Tasks • Communication Between Tasks • Avoiding Race Conditions • Priority Inversion • State Machines • State Machine Example: Stoplight Controller • State-Centric State Machine • State-Centric State Machine with Hidden Transitions • Event-Centric State Machine • State Pattern • Table-Driven State Machine • Choosing a State Machine Implementation • Watchdog • Main Loops • Polling and Waiting • Timer Interrupt • Interrupts Do Everything • Interrupts Cause Events • Very Small Scheduler • Active Objects • Further Reading

ارتباط با تجهیزات جانبی

Serial Communication • TTL Serial • RS-232 Serial • SPI • I2C and TWI • 1-Wire • Parallel • Dual and Quad SPI • USB • Considering Other Protocols • Communications in Practice • External ADC Example: Data Ready with SPI • Use a FIFO If Available • Direct Memory Access (DMA) Is Faster • External ADC Example: SPI and DMA • Circular Buffers • Further Reading

یکپارچه‌سازی سیستم

Key Matrices • Segmented Displays • Pixel Displays • Display Assets • Changeable Data? Flyweight and Factory Patterns • External Flash Memory • Display Assets • Emulated EEPROMs and KV Stores • Little File Systems • Data Storage • Analog Signals • Digital Sensors • Data Handling • Changing Algorithms: Strategy • Algorithm Stages: Pipelines and Filters • Calculating Needs: Speeds and Feeds • Data Bandwidth • Memory Throughput and Buffering • Further Reading

مواجهه با مشکلات

Fighting with the Compiler Optimizations • Impossible Bugs • Reproduce the Bug • Explain the Bug • Creating Chaos and Hard Faults • Dividing by Zero • Talking to Things That Aren’t There • Running Undefined Instructions • Incorrect Memory Access (Unaligned Access) • Returning a Pointer to Stack Memory • Stack Overflows and Buffer Overflows • Debugging Hard Faults • Processor Registers: What Went Wrong? • Creating a Core Dump • Using the Core Dump • Merely Very Difficult Bugs • Consequences of Being Clever • Further Reading

ساخت دستگاه‌های متصل

Connecting Remotely • Directly: Ethernet and WiFi • Through a Gateway • Via a Mesh • Robust Communication • Version! • Checksums, CRCs, Hashes • Encryption and Authentication • Risk Analysis • Updating Code • Firmware Update Security • Multiple Pieces of Code • Fallback Lifeboat • Staged Rollout • Managing Large Systems • Manufacturing • Further Reading

انجام کارهای بیشتر با منابع کمتر

Need More Code Space • Reading a Map File (Part 1) • Process of Elimination • Libraries • Functions Versus Macros: Which Are Smaller? • Constants and Strings • Need More RAM • Remove malloc • Reading a Map File (Part 2) • Registers and Local Variables • Function Chains • Pros and Cons of Globals: RAM Versus Stack • Clever Memory Overlays • Need More Speed • Profiling • Optimizing for Processor Cycles • Summary • Further Reading

ریاضیات

Identifying Fast and Slow Operations • Taking an Average • Different Averages: Cumulative and Median • Using an Existing Algorithm • Designing and Modifying Algorithms • Factor Polynomials • Taylor Series • Dividing by a Constant • Scaling the Input • Lookup Tables • Fake Floating-Point Numbers • Rational Numbers • Precision • Addition (and Subtraction) • Multiplication (and Division) • Machine Learning • Look Up the Answer! • Further Reading

کاهش مصرف توان

Understanding Power Consumption • Measuring Power Consumption • Designing for Lower Power Consumption • Turn Off the Light When You Leave the Room • Turn Off Peripherals • Turn Off Unused I/O Devices • Turn Off Processor Subsystems • Slow Down to Conserve Energy • Putting the Processor to Sleep • Interrupt-Based Code Flow Model • A Closer Look at the Main Loop • Processor Watchdog • Avoid Frequent Wake-Ups • Chained Processors • Further Reading

موتورها و حرکت

Creating Movement • Position Encoding • Driving a Simple DC Motor with PWM • Motor Control • PID Control • Motion Profiles • Ten Things I Hate About Motors • Further Reading